-Lagos.

Groundnut fruit formation is a unique process that involves pollination, fertilization, and a rare adaptation known as geocarpy, where fruits develop underground. The flowers, which are primarily self-pollinated, fertilize early in the morning. After fertilization, a structure called the gynophore elongates and pushes the fertilized ovary into the soil. This ensures that the pod develops in a protected environment.

As the ovary enters the soil, it grows into a pod, with the ovules inside developing into seeds. Each mature pod typically contains 1–4 seeds, encased in a hardened shell that forms from the ovary wall. This underground development protects the seeds from pests and harsh environmental conditions.

This natural process makes groundnuts highly resilient and efficient for cultivation, offering both food and soil-improving benefits.